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The national debt of the United States is the amount owed by the federal government of the United States. The measure of the public debt is the value of the outstanding Treasury securities at a point of time that have been issued by the Treasury and other federal government agencies. There are two components of gross national debt:〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Federal debt basics – How large is the federal debt? )〕 * ''Debt held by the public'', such as Treasury securities held by investors outside the federal government, including those held by individuals, corporations, the Federal Reserve System and foreign, state and local governments. * ''Debt held by government accounts or intragovernmental debt'', such as non-marketable Treasury securities held in accounts administered by the federal government that are owed to program beneficiaries, such as the Social Security Trust Fund. Debt held by government accounts represents the cumulative surpluses, including interest earnings, of these accounts that have been invested in Treasury securities. In general, government debt increases as a result of government spending, and decreases from tax or other receipts, both of which fluctuate during the course of a fiscal year. In practice, Treasury securities are not issued or redeemed on a day-by-day basis, and may also be issued or redeemed as part of the federal government's macroeconomic monetary management operations. The aggregate, gross amount that Treasury can borrow is limited by the United States debt ceiling.〔About 0.8% of debt ($79 billion) is not covered by the ceiling, per (The Debt Limit: History and Recent Increases ), p 4. This includes pre-1917 debt.〕 Historically, the US public debt as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has increased during wars and recessions, and subsequently declined. The ratio of debt to GDP may decrease as a result of a government surplus or due to growth of GDP and inflation. For example, debt held by the public as a share of GDP peaked just after World War II (113% of GDP in 1945), but then fell over the following 35 years. In recent decades, however, aging demographics and rising healthcare costs have led to concern about the long-term sustainability of the federal government's fiscal policies.〔(Congressional Budget Office-The 2014 Long-Term Budget Outlook in 26 Slides-July 16, 2014 )〕 On June 30, 2015, debt held by the public was $13.08 trillion or about 74% of the previous 12 months of GDP.〔http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/gdp/gdpnewsrelease.htm〕〔〔(Debt to the Penny - Treasury Direct )〕〔(BEA-Gross Domestic Product )〕 Intragovernmental holdings stood at $5.07 trillion, giving a combined total gross national debt of $18.15 trillion or about 102% of the previous 12 months of GDP.〔 $6.2 trillion or approximately 47% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest of which were the People's Republic of China and Japan at about $1.3 trillion and $1.2 trillion respectively for the two countries.〔(U.S. Treasury-Data Chart Center-Retrieved April 2012 )〕 ==History== (詳細はHarry Truman's first presidential term, during and after World War II, but fell rapidly in the post-World War II period, and reached a low in 1973. Debt as a percentage of GDP has consistently increased since then, except during the presidencies of Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National debt of the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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